The Spanish and Italian Healthcare Professionals' Contribution to the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form in the Operating Room: Construct Validity and Reliability.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are to determine the construct validity and reliability of the Spanish and Italian versions of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form and to study the capability of this scale of distinguishing between different countries, types of healthcare professionals, and attitudes around patient safety. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study of the scale among registered nurses, surgeons, and anesthetists providing direct patient care at surgical inpatient units within public health services in Spain (Sistema Nacional de Salud) and Italy (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale). Construct validity, in both countries, was firstly assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and finally an assessment was performed by means of hypothesis testing. The reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach α coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 499 healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire (Spain, n = 183; Italy, n = 316). The questionnaire showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.85). An exploratory factor analysis identified a new factor model of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis performed on this new model reflected the fair dimensionality of the construct (χ2 = 1193.63, root mean square error of approximation < 0.05, standardized root mean square residual < 0.08; nonnormed fit index, comparative fit index, incremental fit index, and goodness of fit index values = 0.90, indicating a good fit). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides scientific evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form in both Spain and Italy, showing the capability of this scale of distinguishing between different countries, types of healthcare professionals, and attitudes around patient safety.

Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form in Spanish and Italian Operating Rooms: Psychometric Properties.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to translate the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form (SAQ-SF) in Spanish and Italian surgical settings and to assess its psychometric properties. METHOD: The cross-cultural adaptation process was performed following the internationally recognized guidelines. A panel of 30 experts evaluated the content validity. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: The translation process was carried out without relevant difficulties. In Spain, 29 of the 36 SAQ-SF items showed excellent content validity index. In Italy, there were 33 items with an excellent rating. The SAQ-SF's overall Cronbach α was 0.8 for both countries. Test-retest reliability showed good to very good stability in both in countries. CONCLUSIONS: Italian and Spanish researchers rate differently the same scale, demonstrating the diversity of relevance of the same questions in different countries. A validated questionnaire is now accessible to the Spanish and Italian hospital managements of the National Health Service to measure the safety climate in day-to-day practice in the operating rooms.

Self-Care and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Drainage Enterostomy: A Multicenter, Cross Sectional Study.

The current article examined stoma self-care and health-related quality of life in patients with drainage enterostomy, described clinical and sociodemographic variables and analyzed the relationship between all of them. Trained interviewers collected data using a standardized form that queried sociodemographic and clinical variables. In addition, Self-Care (SC) was measured through a specific questionnaire for Ostomized Patients (CAESPO) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) through the Stoma Quality of Life questionnaire (S-QoL), which are not included in the electronic medical record. This was a multicenter, cross sectional study conducted in four hospitals of the province of Castellon (Spain), where 139 participants were studied. As novel findings, it was found that the level of SC of the stoma was high and was positively correlated with health-related quality of life. In relation to SC and sociodemographic variables studied in the research, women, married patients and active workers presented significantly higher scores than the rest. In relation to the clinical variables, we highlight the highest scores of the autonomous patients in the care of their stoma and those who used irrigations regularly. The lowest scores were the patients with complications in their stoma. We can highlight the validity and reliability of the CAESPO scale for biomedical and social research, and the importance of skills related to self-care of ostomy patients for a good level of HRQoL.

Percepción de los profesionales de enfermería y auxiliares de enfermería sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente en el área quirúrgica / Nursing professionals and health care assistants’ perception of patient safety culture in the operating room

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar las percepciones, opiniones y conductas que tienen enfermeros y auxiliares de enfermería sobre seguridad del paciente en el servicio quirúrgico de un hospital público del Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Describir fortalezas y debilidades/oportunidades de mejora según criterios de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality y conocer el número de incidentes de seguridad notificados. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, transversal, llevado a cabo utilizando la versión española del cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. La muestra estuvo constituida por profesionales de enfermería que aceptaron participar en el estudio voluntariamente y cumplían los criterios de selección. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial en función de la naturaleza de las variables y las condiciones de aplicación de los test estadísticos. Significación p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Respondieron 74 profesionales de enfermería (63,2%). No se encontró ninguna fortaleza en el servicio quirúrgico, y las áreas principales que necesitan mejora corresponden a «Dotación de personal» (64,0%) y «Apoyo de la gerencia del hospital en materia de seguridad del paciente» (52,9%). El 52,3% (n = 65) califica el grado de seguridad del paciente entre 7 y 8,99 (en una escala de 10); el 79,7% (n = 72) no notificó ningún incidente durante el último año. La varianza total explicada por el modelo de regresión fue 0,56 para «Frecuencia de eventos notificados» y 0,26 para «Percepción de seguridad». CONCLUSIONES: Percepción más positiva sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente a nivel de unidad/servicio. Las debilidades identificadas pueden servir para diseñar actividades concretas de intervención para mejorar la cultura de seguridad del paciente en otros servicios quirúrgicos del entorno

OBJECTIVES: To assess nursing professionals and health care assistants' perceptions, opinions and behaviours on patient safety culture in the operating room of a public hospital of the Spanish National Health Service. To describe strengths and weaknesses or opportunities for improvement according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality criteria, as well as to determine the number of events reported. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish version of the questionnaire Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The sample consisted of nursing professionals, who agreed to participate voluntarily in this study and met the selection criteria. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed depending on the nature of the variables and the application conditions of statistical tests. Significance if p < .05. RESULTS: In total, 74 nursing professionals responded (63.2%). No strengths were found in the operating theatre, and improvements are needed concerning staffing (64.0%), and hospital management support for patient safety (52.9%). A total of 52.3% (n = 65) gave patient safety a score from 7 to 8.99 (on a 10 point scale); 79.7% (n = 72) reported no events last year. The total variance explained by the regression model was 0.56 for "Frequency of incident reporting" and 0.26 for "Overall perception of safety". CONCLUSIONS: There was a more positive perception of patient safety culture at unit level. Weaknesses have been identified, and they can be used to design specific intervention activities to improve patient safety culture in other nearby operating theatres

Minoría de hombres en la profesión de enfermería. Reflexiones sobre su historia, imagen y evolución en España / The minority of male in the nursing profession. Reflexions of their history, image and their evolution in Spain

El modelo patriarcal de sociedad de finales del siglo XIX se incorporó con toda naturalidad en los servicios sanitarios españoles, estando fuera de toda discusión que la enfermera estaba absolutamente supeditada al médico, sin ningún tipo de espacio propio más autónomo. A pesar del progreso vivido en la ciencia enfermera, pasando de ocupación a profesión y de la desaparición de la división hombre-practicante-curador y mujer-enfermera-cuidadora, los profesionales todavía se enfrentan a desafíos relacionados con su imagen. El colectivo masculino continúa siendo minoritario en la profesión de enfermería española (15,7% según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de 2013), y esta minoría se ha mantenido prácticamente constante desde hace décadas. Se analiza la historia y evolución del hombre en la profesión de enfermería en España y, desde el conocimiento de esta realidad masculina en nuestro país, se reflexiona sobre aquellos criterios que permitan el pleno desarrollo profesional de los hombres dentro de la profesión de enfermería, evitando estereotipos sobre roles de género (AU)

The patriarchal model of society in the late nineteenth century joined quite naturally in the Spanish health service, being out of the question that the nurse was absolutely subject to the doctor, without any more autonomus own space. Despite the great progress lived in the nursing science, going from occupation to profession and the disappearance of the practitioner-healer-man and woman-nurse-caregiver division, professionals still face challenges related to its image. The male group remains a minority group in the Spanish nursing profession (15.7% according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2013), and this small percentage of men has remained roughly constant for decades. The history and evolution of men in the nursing profession in Spain is analyzed and, from the knowledge of this male reality in our country, we reflect on those criteria that allow the full professional development of men in the nursing profession, avoiding stereotypes about gender roles (AU)

[Nursing professionals and health care assistants' perception of patient safety culture in the operating room]. / Percepción de los profesionales de enfermería y auxiliares de enfermería sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente en el área quirúrgica.

OBJECTIVES: To assess nursing professionals and health care assistants' perceptions, opinions and behaviours on patient safety culture in the operating room of a public hospital of the Spanish National Health Service. To describe strengths and weaknesses or opportunities for improvement according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality criteria, as well as to determine the number of events reported. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish version of the questionnaire Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The sample consisted of nursing professionals, who agreed to participate voluntarily in this study and met the selection criteria. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed depending on the nature of the variables and the application conditions of statistical tests. Significance if p < .05. RESULTS: In total, 74 nursing professionals responded (63.2%). No strengths were found in the operating theatre, and improvements are needed concerning staffing (64.0%), and hospital management support for patient safety (52.9%). A total of 52.3% (n = 65) gave patient safety a score from 7 to 8.99 (on a 10 point scale); 79.7% (n = 72) reported no events last year. The total variance explained by the regression model was 0.56 for "Frequency of incident reporting" and 0.26 for "Overall perception of safety". CONCLUSIONS: There was a more positive perception of patient safety culture at unit level. Weaknesses have been identified, and they can be used to design specific intervention activities to improve patient safety culture in other nearby operating theatres.